The failed promise of neo-liberal policies to put a dent in South American social and economic inequality has tilted the region’s political landscape to the left. With few exceptions, nearly every change in government in South America since 2001 has moved the region further from the center, resulting in significant alterations in politics, society, and perceived regional stability. This trend makes investors and business decision makers nervous. Countering the demands for more populist policies is the sobering reality for most political leaders that South America’s reliance on foreign markets and capital requires fiscal conservatism.